Domain report: fhws.de

Registration

info

.de country-code

Found

TLD: .de (country-code)
ICANN policies apply: no

Checks

i

.de is a country-code TLD (ccTLD)

Country-code TLD: governed by its local registry under national policy, not by an ICANN contract. Registrar accreditation, dispute resolution and RDAP/WHOIS rules are set by the registry.

#1
✓ TLD delegated and signed #2

.de is delegated in the root zone and DNSSEC-signed.
i

Registration data not available

No registration data via RDAP: the registry of .de offers no RDAP service. Many ccTLD registries don't offer RDAP; check the registry's WHOIS instead.

#3

Delegation

info

dns-1.dfn.de, ns1.fhws.de, ns2.fhws.de

Found

Parent zone: de
Delegation from: a.nic.de (194.0.0.53)
NS at the parent: dns-1.dfn.de, ns1.fhws.de, ns2.fhws.de
NS in the zone: dns-1.dfn.de, ns1.fhws.de, ns2.fhws.de

Nameserver	Addresses	Network (AS)	Glue
dns-1.dfn.de	193.174.75.50 2001:638:d:b101::1	AS680 DFN - Verein zur Foerderung eines Deutschen Forschungsnetzes e.V., DE AS680 DFN - Verein zur Foerderung eines Deutschen Forschungsnetzes e.V., DE	-
ns1.fhws.de	194.94.48.183	AS680 DFN - Verein zur Foerderung eines Deutschen Forschungsnetzes e.V., DE	194.94.48.183
ns2.fhws.de	194.94.48.184	AS680 DFN - Verein zur Foerderung eines Deutschen Forschungsnetzes e.V., DE	194.94.48.184

Checks

✓ 3 nameservers #6

Delegated to dns-1.dfn.de, ns1.fhws.de, ns2.fhws.de.
✓ Parent and zone agree #7

The parent delegation and the zone's NS records list the same nameservers.
✓ Glue present and correct #8

Glue is published for the nameservers inside the zone: ns1.fhws.de, ns2.fhws.de.
✓ All names resolve #9

Every nameserver name has an address and is not an alias.
✓ Nameservers in different networks #10

The nameservers are spread over 2 IPv4 /24s and 1 IPv6 /48.
i

All nameservers in one AS

All nameserver addresses are announced by one network operator (AS680 (DFN - Verein zur Foerderung eines Deutschen Forschungsnetzes e.V., DE): 4 addresses). An outage or attack on that network affects all nameservers; large anycast providers mitigate this, but a secondary DNS provider adds independence.

#11
i

All nameserver names under .de

All nameserver names are under one TLD, so a problem with that TLD also makes the nameservers unreachable. Some operators use names under two TLDs for extra resilience.

#12
i

Partly IPv6

These nameservers have no IPv6 address: ns1.fhws.de, ns2.fhws.de.

#13

Nameservers

info

4 of 4 addresses answer authoritatively

Found

Nameserver	Answer	Recursion	TCP / EDNS	AXFR	Version
dns-1.dfn.de 193.174.75.50	NOERROR, 12 ms, authoritative	no	yes / yes	refused	0
dns-1.dfn.de 2001:638:d:b101::1	NOERROR, 17 ms, authoritative	no	yes / yes	refused	0
ns1.fhws.de 194.94.48.183	NOERROR, 12 ms, authoritative	no	yes / yes	refused	-
ns2.fhws.de 194.94.48.184	NOERROR, 11 ms, authoritative	no	yes / yes	refused	-

Checks

✓ All respond #14

All 4 nameserver addresses answered.
✓ All authoritative #15

Every responding nameserver answers authoritatively for the zone.
✓ No recursion #16

The nameservers do not answer recursive queries for other domains.
i

Identifying string disclosed

These nameservers answer version queries with a string that is not a version number: dns-1.dfn.de: "0".

#17
✓ Zone transfers refused #18

No nameserver allows a zone transfer to the public.
✓ TCP supported #19

All nameservers answer over TCP.
✓ EDNS supported #20

All nameservers support EDNS(0).
✓ Public addresses #21

All nameserver addresses are publicly routable.

SOA

warn

serial 2990738685 · primary ns1.fhws.de

Found

Primary (MNAME): ns1.fhws.de
Contact (RNAME): hostmaster.fhws.de
Serial: 2990738685
Refresh / retry: 86400 s / 7200 s
Expire: 3600000 s
Negative TTL: 172800 s

Serial per nameserver

Nameserver	Serial
dns-1.dfn.de (193.174.75.50)	2990738685
dns-1.dfn.de (2001:638:d:b101::1)	2990738685
ns1.fhws.de (194.94.48.183)	2990738685
ns2.fhws.de (194.94.48.184)	2990738685

Checks

✓ Serial 2990738685 everywhere #22

All nameservers serve the same version of the zone.
!

Unusual SOA timers

negative caching TTL (minimum) 2d is outside 5m–1d (RFC 2308 recommends 1–3 hours). Current values: refresh 1d, retry 2h, expire 1000h, negative TTL 2d.

#23
✓ Primary is a public nameserver #24

The primary nameserver ns1.fhws.de is one of the listed nameservers.
✓ Contact hostmaster@fhws.de #25

The SOA RNAME hostmaster.fhws.de means hostmaster@fhws.de.
✓ Timestamp serial #26

The serial 2990738685 is a Unix timestamp (2064-10-09 00:44 UTC).

DNSSEC

warn

Signed, DS published at parent

Found

Validated by resolver: yes
Denial of existence: NSEC3
NSEC3: 50 iterations, 16-byte salt
Signatures valid until: 24 October 2026

DS at the parent

Key tag	Algorithm	Digest	Matches a key
64010	RSASHA256 (8)	SHA256 EC142AD08CEE443E…	yes
6607	RSASHA256 (8)	SHA256 F2513B9E3D575001…	yes

DNSKEY in the zone

Key tag	Role	Algorithm
30750	ZSK (256)	RSASHA256 (8)
64010	KSK (257)	RSASHA256 (8)
18229	KSK (257)	RSASHA256 (8)
6607	KSK (257)	RSASHA256 (8)
34219	ZSK (256)	RSASHA256 (8)

Checks

✓ Signed and validated #27

The zone is signed, the parent publishes a DS record, and the resolver validates the answers.
✓ DS matches a key #28

The DS record at the parent matches a key in the zone: key tag 64010 (SHA256), key tag 6607 (SHA256).
✓ Modern algorithms #29

Key algorithms: RSASHA256 (8).
!

Signatures expire soon

The earliest signature expires at 2026-10-24 05:41 UTC (in 55h0m0s). Check that automatic re-signing works.

#30
!

NSEC3 with extra iterations or salt

NSEC3 uses 50 iterations and a 16-byte salt. RFC 9276 recommends 0 iterations and no salt: extra iterations cost resolvers CPU and add no real protection, and some validators treat high counts as insecure.

#31

Records

pass

19 records at the apex

Found

Read from: 193.174.75.50:53

Type	Value	TTL
SOA	ns1.fhws.de. hostmaster.fhws.de. 2990738685 86400 7200 3600000 172800	172800
NS	ns2.fhws.de.	172800
NS	dns-1.dfn.de.	172800
NS	ns1.fhws.de.	172800
MX	10 a2801.mx.srv.dfn.de.	172800
MX	10 b2801.mx.srv.dfn.de.	172800
MX	10 c2801.mx.srv.dfn.de.	172800
TXT	"v=spf1 mx a:bvbvxmail.bib-bvb.de include:spf.sendinblue.com include:_spf.o280.mx.srv.dfn.de include:_spf.kdv.bayern include:spf.protection.outlook.com ~all"	172800
TXT	"google-site-verification=M2FiAxs_LAtZr4iq6ZNeEOp7bjgLn5mFOHy0DPxO97k"	172800
TXT	"MS=ms64393940"	172800
TXT	"HARICA-zzmhDBwmnomVJUUkgp0"	172800
TXT	"apple-domain-verification=iBvSxWduow6WyQ5n"	172800
TXT	"adobe-idp-site-verification=111e70d63862edd26196b7b0bef3425a34a09a8f8017f83a90f89a3c23504d97"	172800
TXT	"8ApjLnD+ypgup/ZCUa1zny/6jROHevoFhakCNlaU7IeHB/yJp5SNf6bktpclvveDICg+9g3S82n9KVLhhzMo3Q=="	172800
CAA	0 issue "harica.gr"	172800
CAA	0 issue "pki.dfn.de"	172800
CAA	0 iodef "mailto:karl-heinz.dees@fhws.de"	172800
CAA	0 iodef "mailto:patrick.schuetz@fhws.de"	172800
CAA	0 issue "sectigo.com"	172800

Checks

✓ TTLs within range #32

TTLs: MX 2d, NS 2d. The NS TTL at the parent is 1d and in the zone 2d; resolvers may use either.
✓ No CNAME at the apex #33

The zone apex has no CNAME record.
✓ No wildcard #34

Names that don't exist return NXDOMAIN.
✓ CAA restricts issuance #35

Certificates may be issued by: harica.gr, pki.dfn.de, sectigo.com.