howtoforge.com

Checked 22 October 2026, 09:13 UTC · via 8.8.8.8
!Passed with warnings
23 passed 2 warnings 0 failed 6 info

Registration

info

.com generic · Mesh Digital Limited · expires 2027-01-31

Found

TLD
.com (generic)
ICANN policies apply
yes
Registrar
Mesh Digital Limited
Registered
31 January 2005
Last changed
30 January 2026
Expires
31 January 2027
Status
active
Registry nameservers
karl.ns.cloudflare.com, melissa.ns.cloudflare.com
RDAP server
https://rdap.verisign.com/com/v1/

Checks

  • i
    .com is a generic TLD (gTLD)
    Generic TLD under an ICANN registry agreement: ICANN-accredited registrars, UDRP and RDAP apply.
    #1
  • ✓ TLD delegated and signed #2
    .com is delegated in the root zone and DNSSEC-signed.
  • ✓ Expires on 2027-01-31 #3
    The registration is valid until 2027-01-31 (101 days).
  • i
    No transfer lock
    The domain has no transfer lock (status: active). A registrar lock protects against unauthorized transfers.
    #4
  • ✓ Registry and delegation match #5
    The nameservers registered at the registry are the ones published in DNS.

Delegation

info

karl.ns.cloudflare.com, melissa.ns.cloudflare.com

Found

Parent zone
com
Delegation from
a.gtld-servers.net (192.5.6.30)
NS at the parent
karl.ns.cloudflare.com, melissa.ns.cloudflare.com
NS in the zone
karl.ns.cloudflare.com, melissa.ns.cloudflare.com
NameserverAddressesNetwork (AS)Glue
karl.ns.cloudflare.com108.162.193.190 172.64.33.190 173.245.59.190 2803:f800:50::6ca2:c1be 2a06:98c1:50::ac40:21be 2606:4700:58::adf5:3bbeAS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US108.162.193.190 172.64.33.190 173.245.59.190 2606:4700:58::adf5:3bbe 2803:f800:50::6ca2:c1be 2a06:98c1:50::ac40:21be
melissa.ns.cloudflare.com172.64.32.199 108.162.192.199 173.245.58.199 2a06:98c1:50::ac40:20c7 2606:4700:50::adf5:3ac7 2803:f800:50::6ca2:c0c7AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US108.162.192.199 172.64.32.199 173.245.58.199 2606:4700:50::adf5:3ac7 2803:f800:50::6ca2:c0c7 2a06:98c1:50::ac40:20c7

Checks

  • i
    2 nameservers
    Two nameservers meet the minimum; RFC 2182 recommends three or more for important zones: karl.ns.cloudflare.com, melissa.ns.cloudflare.com.
    #6
  • ✓ Parent and zone agree #7
    The parent delegation and the zone's NS records list the same nameservers.
  • ✓ No glue needed #8
    All nameservers are outside the zone, so no glue records are needed.
  • ✓ All names resolve #9
    Every nameserver name has an address and is not an alias.
  • ✓ Nameservers in different networks #10
    The nameservers are spread over 6 IPv4 /24s and 4 IPv6 /48s.
  • i
    All nameservers in one AS
    All nameserver addresses are announced by one network operator (AS13335 (CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US): 12 addresses). An outage or attack on that network affects all nameservers; large anycast providers mitigate this, but a secondary DNS provider adds independence.
    #11
  • i
    All nameserver names under .com
    All nameserver names are under one TLD, so a problem with that TLD also makes the nameservers unreachable. Some operators use names under two TLDs for extra resilience.
    #12
  • ✓ All reachable over IPv6 #13
    Every nameserver has an IPv6 address.

Nameservers

warn

12 of 12 addresses answer authoritatively

Found

NameserverAnswerRecursionTCP / EDNSAXFRVersion
karl.ns.cloudflare.com 108.162.193.190NOERROR, 16 ms, authoritativenoyes / yesrefused2026.10.2
karl.ns.cloudflare.com 172.64.33.190NOERROR, 15 ms, authoritativenoyes / yesrefused2026.10.2
karl.ns.cloudflare.com 173.245.59.190NOERROR, 15 ms, authoritativenoyes / yesrefused2026.10.2
karl.ns.cloudflare.com 2803:f800:50::6ca2:c1beNOERROR, 19 ms, authoritativenoyes / yesrefused2026.10.2
karl.ns.cloudflare.com 2a06:98c1:50::ac40:21beNOERROR, 16 ms, authoritativenoyes / yesrefused2026.10.2
karl.ns.cloudflare.com 2606:4700:58::adf5:3bbeNOERROR, 17 ms, authoritativenoyes / yesrefused2026.10.2
melissa.ns.cloudflare.com 172.64.32.199NOERROR, 15 ms, authoritativenoyes / yesrefused2026.10.2
melissa.ns.cloudflare.com 108.162.192.199NOERROR, 15 ms, authoritativenoyes / yesrefused2026.10.2
melissa.ns.cloudflare.com 173.245.58.199NOERROR, 15 ms, authoritativenoyes / yesrefused2026.10.2
melissa.ns.cloudflare.com 2a06:98c1:50::ac40:20c7NOERROR, 16 ms, authoritativenoyes / yesrefused2026.10.2
melissa.ns.cloudflare.com 2606:4700:50::adf5:3ac7NOERROR, 15 ms, authoritativenoyes / yesrefused2026.10.2
melissa.ns.cloudflare.com 2803:f800:50::6ca2:c0c7NOERROR, 16 ms, authoritativenoyes / yesrefused2026.10.2

Checks

  • ✓ All respond #14
    All 12 nameserver addresses answered.
  • ✓ All authoritative #15
    Every responding nameserver answers authoritatively for the zone.
  • ✓ No recursion #16
    The nameservers do not answer recursive queries for other domains.
  • !
    Software version disclosed
    These nameservers report their software version via version.bind/version.server, which helps attackers find known vulnerabilities: karl.ns.cloudflare.com: "2026.10.2"; melissa.ns.cloudflare.com: "2026.10.2". Hide or replace the version string.
    #17
  • ✓ Zone transfers refused #18
    No nameserver allows a zone transfer to the public.
  • ✓ TCP supported #19
    All nameservers answer over TCP.
  • ✓ EDNS supported #20
    All nameservers support EDNS(0).
  • ✓ Public addresses #21
    All nameserver addresses are publicly routable.

SOA

pass

serial 2415720876 · primary karl.ns.cloudflare.com

Found

Primary (MNAME)
karl.ns.cloudflare.com
Contact (RNAME)
dns.cloudflare.com
Serial
2415720876
Refresh / retry
10000 s / 2400 s
Expire
604800 s
Negative TTL
1800 s

Serial per nameserver

NameserverSerial
karl.ns.cloudflare.com (108.162.193.190)2415720876
karl.ns.cloudflare.com (172.64.33.190)2415720876
karl.ns.cloudflare.com (173.245.59.190)2415720876
karl.ns.cloudflare.com (2803:f800:50::6ca2:c1be)2415720876
karl.ns.cloudflare.com (2a06:98c1:50::ac40:21be)2415720876
karl.ns.cloudflare.com (2606:4700:58::adf5:3bbe)2415720876
melissa.ns.cloudflare.com (172.64.32.199)2415720876
melissa.ns.cloudflare.com (108.162.192.199)2415720876
melissa.ns.cloudflare.com (173.245.58.199)2415720876
melissa.ns.cloudflare.com (2a06:98c1:50::ac40:20c7)2415720876
melissa.ns.cloudflare.com (2606:4700:50::adf5:3ac7)2415720876
melissa.ns.cloudflare.com (2803:f800:50::6ca2:c0c7)2415720876

Checks

  • ✓ Serial 2415720876 everywhere #22
    All nameservers serve the same version of the zone.
  • ✓ Timers within recommendations #23
    SOA refresh 2h46m40s, retry 40m, expire 7d, negative TTL 30m.
  • ✓ Primary is a public nameserver #24
    The primary nameserver karl.ns.cloudflare.com is one of the listed nameservers.
  • ✓ Contact dns@cloudflare.com #25
    The SOA RNAME dns.cloudflare.com means dns@cloudflare.com.
  • ✓ Timestamp serial #26
    The serial 2415720876 is a Unix timestamp (2046-07-20 17:34 UTC).

DNSSEC

warn

Not signed

Found

Validated by resolver
no

Checks

  • !
    Not signed
    The zone is not signed with DNSSEC, so answers can be spoofed. Enable DNSSEC at your DNS provider and publish the DS record at your registrar.
    #27

Records

info

11 records at the apex

Found

Read from
108.162.193.190:53
TypeValueTTL
SOAkarl.ns.cloudflare.com. dns.cloudflare.com. 2415720876 10000 2400 604800 18001800
NSkarl.ns.cloudflare.com.86400
NSmelissa.ns.cloudflare.com.86400
A172.67.68.93300
A104.26.3.165300
A104.26.2.165300
AAAA2606:4700:20::ac43:445d300
AAAA2606:4700:20::681a:2a5300
AAAA2606:4700:20::681a:3a5300
MX10 ezmail.mail.howtoforge.com.300
TXT"v=spf1 a:smtpout.howtoforge.com ip4:162.55.43.1 ip4:168.119.187.99 ip4:188.40.103.101 ip4:178.63.27.119 ip4:78.46.59.59 ip4:148.251.213.113 a mx ip6:2a01:4f8:c010:89c8::1 a:v220.ensignweb.de ip4:78.46.229.46 ip6:2a01:4f8:c012:84b1::1 ~all"300

Checks

  • ✓ TTLs within range #32
    TTLs: A 5m, AAAA 5m, MX 5m, NS 1d. The NS TTL at the parent is 2d and in the zone 1d; resolvers may use either.
  • ✓ No CNAME at the apex #33
    The zone apex has no CNAME record.
  • ✓ No wildcard #34
    Names that don't exist return NXDOMAIN.
  • i
    No CAA records
    Without CAA records any certificate authority may issue certificates for this domain. A CAA record limits issuance to the CAs you use.
    #35