realpython.com

.com generic · 1API GmbH · expires 2027-08-06

Found

TLD

.com (generic)

ICANN policies apply

yes

Registrar

1API GmbH

Registered

6 August 2012

Last changed

1 August 2026

Expires

6 August 2027

Status

client transfer prohibited

Registry nameservers

curt.ns.cloudflare.com, joan.ns.cloudflare.com

RDAP server

https://rdap.verisign.com/com/v1/

Checks

• i

  .com is a generic TLD (gTLD)

  Generic TLD under an ICANN registry agreement: ICANN-accredited registrars, UDRP and RDAP apply.

  #1
• ✓ TLD delegated and signed #2

  .com is delegated in the root zone and DNSSEC-signed.
• ✓ Expires on 2027-08-06 #3

  The registration is valid until 2027-08-06 (288 days).
• ✓ Transfer locked #4

  Registry status: client transfer prohibited.
• ✓ Registry and delegation match #5

  The nameservers registered at the registry are the ones published in DNS.

curt.ns.cloudflare.com, joan.ns.cloudflare.com

Found

Parent zone

com

Delegation from

a.gtld-servers.net (192.5.6.30)

NS at the parent

curt.ns.cloudflare.com, joan.ns.cloudflare.com

NS in the zone

curt.ns.cloudflare.com, joan.ns.cloudflare.com

Checks

• i

  2 nameservers

  Two nameservers meet the minimum; RFC 2182 recommends three or more for important zones: curt.ns.cloudflare.com, joan.ns.cloudflare.com.

  #6
• ✓ Parent and zone agree #7

  The parent delegation and the zone's NS records list the same nameservers.
• ✓ No glue needed #8

  All nameservers are outside the zone, so no glue records are needed.
• ✓ All names resolve #9

  Every nameserver name has an address and is not an alias.
• ✓ Nameservers in different networks #10

  The nameservers are spread over 6 IPv4 /24s and 4 IPv6 /48s.
• i

  All nameservers in one AS

  All nameserver addresses are announced by one network operator (AS13335 (CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US): 12 addresses). An outage or attack on that network affects all nameservers; large anycast providers mitigate this, but a secondary DNS provider adds independence.

  #11
• i

  All nameserver names under .com

  All nameserver names are under one TLD, so a problem with that TLD also makes the nameservers unreachable. Some operators use names under two TLDs for extra resilience.

  #12
• ✓ All reachable over IPv6 #13

  Every nameserver has an IPv6 address.

Signed, DS published at parent

Found

Validated by resolver

yes

Denial of existence

NSEC

Signatures valid until

23 October 2026

DS at the parent

DNSKEY in the zone

Checks

• ✓ Signed and validated #27

  The zone is signed, the parent publishes a DS record, and the resolver validates the answers.
• ✓ DS matches a key #28

  The DS record at the parent matches a key in the zone: key tag 2371 (SHA256).
• ✓ Modern algorithms #29

  Key algorithms: ECDSAP256SHA256 (13).
• ✓ Short-lived signatures (online signing) #30

  Signatures are valid for 50h0m0s and created on demand; the current one was made at 2026-10-21 09:25 UTC and expires at 2026-10-23 11:25 UTC.
• i

  NSEC

  The zone uses NSEC, so its full contents can be listed by walking the NSEC chain. That is fine unless the names are sensitive.

  #31

19 records at the apex

Found

Read from

108.162.193.94:53

Checks

• ✓ TTLs within range #32

  TTLs: A 5m, AAAA 5m, MX 5m, NS 1d. The NS TTL at the parent is 2d and in the zone 1d; resolvers may use either.
• ✓ No CNAME at the apex #33

  The zone apex has no CNAME record.
• ✓ No wildcard #34

  Names that don't exist return NXDOMAIN.
• i

  No CAA records

  Without CAA records any certificate authority may issue certificates for this domain. A CAA record limits issuance to the CAs you use.

  #35