researchsquare.com

Checked 22 October 2026, 10:31 UTC · via 8.8.8.8
!Passed with warnings
23 passed 2 warnings 0 failed 6 info

Registration

info

.com generic · EuroDNS S.A. · expires 2027-07-14

Found

TLD
.com (generic)
ICANN policies apply
yes
Registrar
EuroDNS S.A.
Registered
14 July 2008
Last changed
8 July 2026
Expires
14 July 2027
Status
client transfer prohibited
Registry nameservers
gerald.ns.cloudflare.com, kami.ns.cloudflare.com
RDAP server
https://rdap.verisign.com/com/v1/

Checks

  • i
    .com is a generic TLD (gTLD)
    Generic TLD under an ICANN registry agreement: ICANN-accredited registrars, UDRP and RDAP apply.
    #1
  • ✓ TLD delegated and signed #2
    .com is delegated in the root zone and DNSSEC-signed.
  • ✓ Expires on 2027-07-14 #3
    The registration is valid until 2027-07-14 (265 days).
  • ✓ Transfer locked #4
    Registry status: client transfer prohibited.
  • ✓ Registry and delegation match #5
    The nameservers registered at the registry are the ones published in DNS.

Delegation

info

gerald.ns.cloudflare.com, kami.ns.cloudflare.com

Found

Parent zone
com
Delegation from
a.gtld-servers.net (192.5.6.30)
NS at the parent
gerald.ns.cloudflare.com, kami.ns.cloudflare.com
NS in the zone
gerald.ns.cloudflare.com, kami.ns.cloudflare.com
NameserverAddressesNetwork (AS)Glue
gerald.ns.cloudflare.com173.245.59.168 172.64.33.168 108.162.193.168 2606:4700:58::adf5:3ba8 2a06:98c1:50::ac40:21a8 2803:f800:50::6ca2:c1a8AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US108.162.193.168 172.64.33.168 173.245.59.168 2606:4700:58::adf5:3ba8 2803:f800:50::6ca2:c1a8 2a06:98c1:50::ac40:21a8
kami.ns.cloudflare.com108.162.192.177 172.64.32.177 173.245.58.177 2a06:98c1:50::ac40:20b1 2803:f800:50::6ca2:c0b1 2606:4700:50::adf5:3ab1AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US108.162.192.177 172.64.32.177 173.245.58.177 2606:4700:50::adf5:3ab1 2803:f800:50::6ca2:c0b1 2a06:98c1:50::ac40:20b1

Checks

  • i
    2 nameservers
    Two nameservers meet the minimum; RFC 2182 recommends three or more for important zones: gerald.ns.cloudflare.com, kami.ns.cloudflare.com.
    #6
  • ✓ Parent and zone agree #7
    The parent delegation and the zone's NS records list the same nameservers.
  • ✓ No glue needed #8
    All nameservers are outside the zone, so no glue records are needed.
  • ✓ All names resolve #9
    Every nameserver name has an address and is not an alias.
  • ✓ Nameservers in different networks #10
    The nameservers are spread over 6 IPv4 /24s and 4 IPv6 /48s.
  • i
    All nameservers in one AS
    All nameserver addresses are announced by one network operator (AS13335 (CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US): 12 addresses). An outage or attack on that network affects all nameservers; large anycast providers mitigate this, but a secondary DNS provider adds independence.
    #11
  • i
    All nameserver names under .com
    All nameserver names are under one TLD, so a problem with that TLD also makes the nameservers unreachable. Some operators use names under two TLDs for extra resilience.
    #12
  • ✓ All reachable over IPv6 #13
    Every nameserver has an IPv6 address.

Nameservers

warn

12 of 12 addresses answer authoritatively

Found

NameserverAnswerRecursionTCP / EDNSAXFRVersion
gerald.ns.cloudflare.com 173.245.59.168NOERROR, 5 ms, authoritativenoyes / yesrefused2026.10.2
gerald.ns.cloudflare.com 172.64.33.168NOERROR, 5 ms, authoritativenoyes / yesrefused2026.10.2
gerald.ns.cloudflare.com 108.162.193.168NOERROR, 5 ms, authoritativenoyes / yesrefused2026.10.2
gerald.ns.cloudflare.com 2606:4700:58::adf5:3ba8NOERROR, 9 ms, authoritativenoyes / yesrefused2026.10.2
gerald.ns.cloudflare.com 2a06:98c1:50::ac40:21a8NOERROR, 5 ms, authoritativenoyes / yesrefused2026.10.2
gerald.ns.cloudflare.com 2803:f800:50::6ca2:c1a8NOERROR, 5 ms, authoritativenoyes / yesrefused2026.10.2
kami.ns.cloudflare.com 108.162.192.177NOERROR, 4 ms, authoritativenoyes / yesrefused2026.10.2
kami.ns.cloudflare.com 172.64.32.177NOERROR, 5 ms, authoritativenoyes / yesrefused2026.10.2
kami.ns.cloudflare.com 173.245.58.177NOERROR, 5 ms, authoritativenoyes / yesrefused2026.10.2
kami.ns.cloudflare.com 2a06:98c1:50::ac40:20b1NOERROR, 5 ms, authoritativenoyes / yesrefused2026.10.2
kami.ns.cloudflare.com 2803:f800:50::6ca2:c0b1NOERROR, 6 ms, authoritativenoyes / yesrefused2026.10.2
kami.ns.cloudflare.com 2606:4700:50::adf5:3ab1NOERROR, 5 ms, authoritativenoyes / yesrefused2026.10.2

Checks

  • ✓ All respond #14
    All 12 nameserver addresses answered.
  • ✓ All authoritative #15
    Every responding nameserver answers authoritatively for the zone.
  • ✓ No recursion #16
    The nameservers do not answer recursive queries for other domains.
  • !
    Software version disclosed
    These nameservers report their software version via version.bind/version.server, which helps attackers find known vulnerabilities: gerald.ns.cloudflare.com: "2026.10.2"; kami.ns.cloudflare.com: "2026.10.2". Hide or replace the version string.
    #17
  • ✓ Zone transfers refused #18
    No nameserver allows a zone transfer to the public.
  • ✓ TCP supported #19
    All nameservers answer over TCP.
  • ✓ EDNS supported #20
    All nameservers support EDNS(0).
  • ✓ Public addresses #21
    All nameserver addresses are publicly routable.

SOA

pass

serial 2416855535 · primary gerald.ns.cloudflare.com

Found

Primary (MNAME)
gerald.ns.cloudflare.com
Contact (RNAME)
dns.cloudflare.com
Serial
2416855535
Refresh / retry
10000 s / 2400 s
Expire
604800 s
Negative TTL
1800 s

Serial per nameserver

NameserverSerial
gerald.ns.cloudflare.com (173.245.59.168)2416855535
gerald.ns.cloudflare.com (172.64.33.168)2416855535
gerald.ns.cloudflare.com (108.162.193.168)2416855535
gerald.ns.cloudflare.com (2606:4700:58::adf5:3ba8)2416855535
gerald.ns.cloudflare.com (2a06:98c1:50::ac40:21a8)2416855535
gerald.ns.cloudflare.com (2803:f800:50::6ca2:c1a8)2416855535
kami.ns.cloudflare.com (108.162.192.177)2416855535
kami.ns.cloudflare.com (172.64.32.177)2416855535
kami.ns.cloudflare.com (173.245.58.177)2416855535
kami.ns.cloudflare.com (2a06:98c1:50::ac40:20b1)2416855535
kami.ns.cloudflare.com (2803:f800:50::6ca2:c0b1)2416855535
kami.ns.cloudflare.com (2606:4700:50::adf5:3ab1)2416855535

Checks

  • ✓ Serial 2416855535 everywhere #22
    All nameservers serve the same version of the zone.
  • ✓ Timers within recommendations #23
    SOA refresh 2h46m40s, retry 40m, expire 7d, negative TTL 30m.
  • ✓ Primary is a public nameserver #24
    The primary nameserver gerald.ns.cloudflare.com is one of the listed nameservers.
  • ✓ Contact dns@cloudflare.com #25
    The SOA RNAME dns.cloudflare.com means dns@cloudflare.com.
  • ✓ Timestamp serial #26
    The serial 2416855535 is a Unix timestamp (2046-08-02 20:45 UTC).

DNSSEC

warn

Not signed

Found

Validated by resolver
no

Checks

  • !
    Not signed
    The zone is not signed with DNSSEC, so answers can be spoofed. Enable DNSSEC at your DNS provider and publish the DS record at your registrar.
    #27

Records

info

16 records at the apex

Found

Read from
173.245.59.168:53
TypeValueTTL
SOAgerald.ns.cloudflare.com. dns.cloudflare.com. 2416855535 10000 2400 604800 18001800
NSgerald.ns.cloudflare.com.86400
NSkami.ns.cloudflare.com.86400
A172.66.159.12300
A104.20.29.100300
AAAA2606:4700:10::6814:1d64300
AAAA2606:4700:10::ac42:9f0c300
MX10 mxa-002c5801.gslb.pphosted.com.300
MX20 mxb-002c5801.gslb.pphosted.com.300
TXT"MS=ms23744717"300
TXT"MS=ms48369011"300
TXT"MS=ms58598342"300
TXT"atlassian-domain-verification=5MwiLfO6kDZfwOSAFsYJaIApajnVvRgr/555dRGgO4CaVO9YeErJcb2Mr2zeCnQ3"300
TXT"canva-site-verification=uMuxMWC4PA2aKCxOQXL3Mg"300
TXT"google-site-verification=dCBzDSCM1LQDUO10aV3tMVIYEu8e3YORtTGvblXpin0"300
TXT"v=spf1 include:spf-002c5801.pphosted.com include:spf.mtasv.net include:spf.mandrillapp.com include:mail.zendesk.com include:sender.zohobooks.com ip4:195.128.10.18/32 ip4:195.128.10.15/32 ip4:199.168.14.54/32 ~all"300

Checks

  • ✓ TTLs within range #32
    TTLs: A 5m, AAAA 5m, MX 5m, NS 1d. The NS TTL at the parent is 2d and in the zone 1d; resolvers may use either.
  • ✓ No CNAME at the apex #33
    The zone apex has no CNAME record.
  • i
    Wildcard record
    A random name under the zone resolves, so there is a wildcard (*) record. Typos and non-existent hosts resolve too, which can confuse mail and certificate checks.
    #34
  • i
    No CAA records
    Without CAA records any certificate authority may issue certificates for this domain. A CAA record limits issuance to the CAs you use.
    #35