Domain report: tio.nl

Registration

info

.nl country-code

Found

TLD: .nl (country-code)
ICANN policies apply: no

Lookup error: https://rdap.sidn.nl/domain/tio.nl returned HTTP 429

Checks

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.nl is a country-code TLD (ccTLD)

Country-code TLD: governed by its local registry under national policy, not by an ICANN contract. Registrar accreditation, dispute resolution and RDAP/WHOIS rules are set by the registry.

#1
✓ TLD delegated and signed #2

.nl is delegated in the root zone and DNSSEC-signed.
i

Could not be checked

The RDAP lookup failed, so this could not be checked: https://rdap.sidn.nl/domain/tio.nl returned HTTP 429

#3

Delegation

info

ashley.ns.cloudflare.com, norman.ns.cloudflare.com

Found

Parent zone: nl
Delegation from: ns1.dns.nl (194.0.28.53)
NS at the parent: ashley.ns.cloudflare.com, norman.ns.cloudflare.com
NS in the zone: ashley.ns.cloudflare.com, norman.ns.cloudflare.com

Nameserver	Addresses	Network (AS)	Glue
ashley.ns.cloudflare.com	172.64.32.71 173.245.58.71 108.162.192.71 2803:f800:50::6ca2:c047 2a06:98c1:50::ac40:2047 2606:4700:50::adf5:3a47	AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US	-
norman.ns.cloudflare.com	172.64.33.217 108.162.193.217 173.245.59.217 2803:f800:50::6ca2:c1d9 2606:4700:58::adf5:3bd9 2a06:98c1:50::ac40:21d9	AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US AS13335 CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US	-

Checks

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2 nameservers

Two nameservers meet the minimum; RFC 2182 recommends three or more for important zones: ashley.ns.cloudflare.com, norman.ns.cloudflare.com.

#6
✓ Parent and zone agree #7

The parent delegation and the zone's NS records list the same nameservers.
✓ No glue needed #8

All nameservers are outside the zone, so no glue records are needed.
✓ All names resolve #9

Every nameserver name has an address and is not an alias.
✓ Nameservers in different networks #10

The nameservers are spread over 6 IPv4 /24s and 4 IPv6 /48s.
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All nameservers in one AS

All nameserver addresses are announced by one network operator (AS13335 (CLOUDFLARENET - Cloudflare, Inc., US): 12 addresses). An outage or attack on that network affects all nameservers; large anycast providers mitigate this, but a secondary DNS provider adds independence.

#11
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All nameserver names under .com

All nameserver names are under one TLD, so a problem with that TLD also makes the nameservers unreachable. Some operators use names under two TLDs for extra resilience.

#12
✓ All reachable over IPv6 #13

Every nameserver has an IPv6 address.

Nameservers

warn

12 of 12 addresses answer authoritatively

Found

Nameserver	Answer	Recursion	TCP / EDNS	AXFR	Version
ashley.ns.cloudflare.com 172.64.32.71	NOERROR, 15 ms, authoritative	no	yes / yes	refused	2026.10.2
ashley.ns.cloudflare.com 173.245.58.71	NOERROR, 18 ms, authoritative	no	yes / yes	refused	2026.10.2
ashley.ns.cloudflare.com 108.162.192.71	NOERROR, 16 ms, authoritative	no	yes / yes	refused	2026.10.2
ashley.ns.cloudflare.com 2803:f800:50::6ca2:c047	NOERROR, 15 ms, authoritative	no	yes / yes	refused	2026.10.2
ashley.ns.cloudflare.com 2a06:98c1:50::ac40:2047	NOERROR, 16 ms, authoritative	no	yes / yes	refused	2026.10.2
ashley.ns.cloudflare.com 2606:4700:50::adf5:3a47	NOERROR, 16 ms, authoritative	no	yes / yes	refused	2026.10.2
norman.ns.cloudflare.com 172.64.33.217	NOERROR, 16 ms, authoritative	no	yes / yes	refused	2026.10.2
norman.ns.cloudflare.com 108.162.193.217	NOERROR, 15 ms, authoritative	no	yes / yes	refused	2026.10.2
norman.ns.cloudflare.com 173.245.59.217	NOERROR, 15 ms, authoritative	no	yes / yes	refused	2026.10.2
norman.ns.cloudflare.com 2803:f800:50::6ca2:c1d9	NOERROR, 15 ms, authoritative	no	yes / yes	refused	2026.10.2
norman.ns.cloudflare.com 2606:4700:58::adf5:3bd9	NOERROR, 16 ms, authoritative	no	yes / yes	refused	2026.10.2
norman.ns.cloudflare.com 2a06:98c1:50::ac40:21d9	NOERROR, 15 ms, authoritative	no	yes / yes	refused	2026.10.2

Checks

✓ All respond #14

All 12 nameserver addresses answered.
✓ All authoritative #15

Every responding nameserver answers authoritatively for the zone.
✓ No recursion #16

The nameservers do not answer recursive queries for other domains.
!

Software version disclosed

These nameservers report their software version via version.bind/version.server, which helps attackers find known vulnerabilities: ashley.ns.cloudflare.com: "2026.10.2"; norman.ns.cloudflare.com: "2026.10.2". Hide or replace the version string.

#17
✓ Zone transfers refused #18

No nameserver allows a zone transfer to the public.
✓ TCP supported #19

All nameservers answer over TCP.
✓ EDNS supported #20

All nameservers support EDNS(0).
✓ Public addresses #21

All nameserver addresses are publicly routable.

SOA

pass

serial 2417889733 · primary ashley.ns.cloudflare.com

Found

Primary (MNAME): ashley.ns.cloudflare.com
Contact (RNAME): dns.cloudflare.com
Serial: 2417889733
Refresh / retry: 10000 s / 2400 s
Expire: 604800 s
Negative TTL: 1800 s

Serial per nameserver

Nameserver	Serial
ashley.ns.cloudflare.com (172.64.32.71)	2417889733
ashley.ns.cloudflare.com (173.245.58.71)	2417889733
ashley.ns.cloudflare.com (108.162.192.71)	2417889733
ashley.ns.cloudflare.com (2803:f800:50::6ca2:c047)	2417889733
ashley.ns.cloudflare.com (2a06:98c1:50::ac40:2047)	2417889733
ashley.ns.cloudflare.com (2606:4700:50::adf5:3a47)	2417889733
norman.ns.cloudflare.com (172.64.33.217)	2417889733
norman.ns.cloudflare.com (108.162.193.217)	2417889733
norman.ns.cloudflare.com (173.245.59.217)	2417889733
norman.ns.cloudflare.com (2803:f800:50::6ca2:c1d9)	2417889733
norman.ns.cloudflare.com (2606:4700:58::adf5:3bd9)	2417889733
norman.ns.cloudflare.com (2a06:98c1:50::ac40:21d9)	2417889733

Checks

✓ Serial 2417889733 everywhere #22

All nameservers serve the same version of the zone.
✓ Timers within recommendations #23

SOA refresh 2h46m40s, retry 40m, expire 7d, negative TTL 30m.
✓ Primary is a public nameserver #24

The primary nameserver ashley.ns.cloudflare.com is one of the listed nameservers.
✓ Contact dns@cloudflare.com #25

The SOA RNAME dns.cloudflare.com means dns@cloudflare.com.
✓ Timestamp serial #26

The serial 2417889733 is a Unix timestamp (2046-08-14 20:02 UTC).

DNSSEC

info

Signed, DS published at parent

Found

Validated by resolver: yes
Denial of existence: NSEC
Signatures valid until: 23 October 2026

DS at the parent

Key tag	Algorithm	Digest	Matches a key
2371	ECDSAP256SHA256 (13)	SHA256 1AFFDD0E6A7E0957…	yes

DNSKEY in the zone

Key tag	Role	Algorithm
2371	KSK (257)	ECDSAP256SHA256 (13)
34505	ZSK (256)	ECDSAP256SHA256 (13)

Checks

✓ Signed and validated #27

The zone is signed, the parent publishes a DS record, and the resolver validates the answers.
✓ DS matches a key #28

The DS record at the parent matches a key in the zone: key tag 2371 (SHA256).
✓ Modern algorithms #29

Key algorithms: ECDSAP256SHA256 (13).
✓ Short-lived signatures (online signing) #30

Signatures are valid for 50h0m0s and created on demand; the current one was made at 2026-10-21 15:32 UTC and expires at 2026-10-23 17:32 UTC.
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NSEC

The zone uses NSEC, so its full contents can be listed by walking the NSEC chain. That is fine unless the names are sensitive.

#31

Records

info

22 records at the apex

Found

Read from: 172.64.32.71:53

Type	Value	TTL
SOA	ashley.ns.cloudflare.com. dns.cloudflare.com. 2417889733 10000 2400 604800 1800	1800
NS	ashley.ns.cloudflare.com.	86400
NS	norman.ns.cloudflare.com.	86400
A	45.79.250.224	300
AAAA	2a01:7e01:e001:7fc::4444	300
MX	10 d326580.a.ess.de.barracudanetworks.com.	300
MX	10 d326580.b.ess.de.barracudanetworks.com.	300
TXT	"LRpA9eudNmp4YppzvePe4AFfcIwdwR9tZLVwFMEMAP74EULTV44lXCGnwh2sQ+xal1CglGUGeJGDlVMUawWVQw=="	300
TXT	"adobe-idp-site-verification=1bfd6e1034823f547030074a8723fc1194f8f26b9e08c76991514f2ac1f36bb1"	300
TXT	"amazonses:N78vV0fJ9mMqPo2/LIk+Woh7MybPO5W+LXQ53elMWlw="	300
TXT	"amazonses:TpwKkBocAqg5IE4VipsQZmBz9fO7I2nEWWLrKzI/BrE="	300
TXT	"amazonses:V2Kw5jRTuW5DmPkeMGYDB6Uj0jj24MYW1/jjSbAentI="	300
TXT	"anthropic-domain-verification-01q8sd=uENLqctu2pQ0YS8p9hhOf0grt"	300
TXT	"apple-domain-verification=N34Wwrz9hpFrHYzM"	300
TXT	"d365mktkey=LOVtbEJ4htZ3BYzRrFkt3U3OIdYDx81lx6qsey0wyOYx"	300
TXT	"d365mktkey=umfuaWd9gdebOT4Baxq6VYPvobM6QrRdTjbS0ZnqxyUx"	300
TXT	"docusign=907e6806-10fd-4cc0-9bcc-09f06d2a984a"	300
TXT	"facebook-domain-verification=5k0a3ru0j00c4madd8npuq2s83ucp1"	300
TXT	"google-site-verification=tH1m2MHUBIZfyvms8ygjCDd3fNH1h19Iyn1Cj1qbZBk"	300
TXT	"tio.nl"	300
TXT	"v=easydus; cg=075566d5-f79a-4d8d-a4ca-06ac60b8c78f"	300
TXT	"v=spf1 ip4:31.160.164.136/29 ip4:176.58.24.223 ip4:195.143.61.129 a:mail.sop-at.com include:spf.flowmailer.net include:spf.protection.outlook.com include:spf.eu.exclaimer.net include:mh.blackboard.com include:spf.mailjet.com include:spf.ess.de.barracudane" "tworks.com ip4:85.90.64.176/28 ip4:85.90.64.192/28 ip4:20.8.224.72 ip4:4.231.22.252 ip4:185.46.182.1 ip4:51.124.149.123 ip4:85.90.64.176/28 ip4:85.90.64.192/28 ~all"	300

Checks

✓ TTLs within range #32

TTLs: A 5m, AAAA 5m, MX 5m, NS 1d. The NS TTL at the parent is 1h and in the zone 1d; resolvers may use either.
✓ No CNAME at the apex #33

The zone apex has no CNAME record.
✓ No wildcard #34

Names that don't exist return NXDOMAIN.
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No CAA records

Without CAA records any certificate authority may issue certificates for this domain. A CAA record limits issuance to the CAs you use.

#35